Skin analysis
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close all
clear all
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vid=videoinput('winvideo',1, 'YUY2_640x480');
%preview(vid);
im=getsnapshot(vid);
figure(),imshow(im);
%% conversion of data format optional
im=ycbcr2rgb(im);
figure(),imshow(im);
%% backup of image
I=im;
clear all
clc
%imaqhwinfo;
%dev_info = imaqhwinfo('winvideo',1)
vid=videoinput('winvideo',1, 'YUY2_640x480');
%preview(vid);
im=getsnapshot(vid);
figure(),imshow(im);
%% conversion of data format optional
im=ycbcr2rgb(im);
figure(),imshow(im);
%% backup of image
I=im;
Image processing:-
It is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame; the output of image processing may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it.
Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible. This article is about general techniques that apply to all of them. The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.
Closely related to image processing are computer graphics and computer vision. In computer graphics, images are manually made from physical models of objects, environments, and lighting, instead of being acquired (via imaging devices such as cameras) from natural scenes, as in most animated movies. Computer vision, on the other hand, is often considered high-level image processing out of which a machine/computer/software intends to decipher the physical contents of an image or a sequence of images (e.g., videos or 3D full-body magnetic resonance scans).
It is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as a photograph or video frame; the output of image processing may be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it.
Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible. This article is about general techniques that apply to all of them. The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.
Closely related to image processing are computer graphics and computer vision. In computer graphics, images are manually made from physical models of objects, environments, and lighting, instead of being acquired (via imaging devices such as cameras) from natural scenes, as in most animated movies. Computer vision, on the other hand, is often considered high-level image processing out of which a machine/computer/software intends to decipher the physical contents of an image or a sequence of images (e.g., videos or 3D full-body magnetic resonance scans).
Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and signal distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more) digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems.
Digital cameras generally include specialized digital image processing hardware – either dedicated chips or added circuitry on other chips – to convert the raw data from their image sensor into a color-corrected image in a standard image file format Images from digital cameras can be further processed to improve their quality or to create desired special effects. This additional processing is typically executed by special software programs that can manipulate the images in a variety of ways.
Digital cameras generally include specialized digital image processing hardware – either dedicated chips or added circuitry on other chips – to convert the raw data from their image sensor into a color-corrected image in a standard image file format Images from digital cameras can be further processed to improve their quality or to create desired special effects. This additional processing is typically executed by special software programs that can manipulate the images in a variety of ways.
Skin:
The thin layer of tissue forming the natural outer covering of the body of a person or animal.
The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. The skin protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature, and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold.
The thin layer of tissue forming the natural outer covering of the body of a person or animal.
The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet. The skin protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature, and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold.
Skin structure or layers:
The structure of the 3 layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.
Epidermis:
The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. The thickness of the epidermis varies in different types of skin. It is the thinnest on the eyelids at .05 mm and the thickest on the palms and soles at 1.5 mm.
The epidermis contains 5 layers. From bottom to top the layers are named:
The top layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, is made of dead, flat skin cells that shed about every 2 weeks.
Specialized Epidermal Cells
There are three types of specialized cells in the epidermis.
The structure of the 3 layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.
Epidermis:
The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. The thickness of the epidermis varies in different types of skin. It is the thinnest on the eyelids at .05 mm and the thickest on the palms and soles at 1.5 mm.
The epidermis contains 5 layers. From bottom to top the layers are named:
- stratum basale
- stratum spinosum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum licidum
- stratum corneum
The top layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, is made of dead, flat skin cells that shed about every 2 weeks.
Specialized Epidermal Cells
There are three types of specialized cells in the epidermis.
- The melanocyte produces pigment (melanin)
- The Langerhans' cell is the frontline defense of the immune system in the skin
- The Merkel's cell's function is not clearly known.
Dermis:
The dermis also varies in thickness depending on the location of the skin. It is .3 mm on the eyelid and 3.0 mm on the back. The dermis is composed of three types of tissue that are present throughout - not in layers.
The types of tissue are:
Layers of the Dermis
The two layers of the dermis are the papillary and reticular layers.
Specialized Dermal Cells
The dermis contains many specialized cells and structures.
The dermis also varies in thickness depending on the location of the skin. It is .3 mm on the eyelid and 3.0 mm on the back. The dermis is composed of three types of tissue that are present throughout - not in layers.
The types of tissue are:
- collagen
- elastic tissue
- reticular fibers
Layers of the Dermis
The two layers of the dermis are the papillary and reticular layers.
- The upper, papillary layer, contains a thin arrangement of collagen fibers.
- The lower, reticular layer, is thicker and made of thick collagen fibers that are arranged parallel to the surface of the skin.
Specialized Dermal Cells
The dermis contains many specialized cells and structures.
- The hair follicles are situated here with the erector pili muscle that attaches to each follicle.
- Sebaceous (oil) glands and apocrine (scent) glands are associated with the follicle.
- This layer also contains eccrine (sweat) glands, but they are not associated with hair follicles.
- Blood vessels and nerves course through this layer. The nerves transmit sensations of pain, itch, and temperature.
- There are also specialized nerve cells called Meissner's and Vater-Pacini corpuscles that transmit the sensations of touch and pressure.
Subcutaneous Tissue:
The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat and connective tissue that houses larger blood vessels and nerves. This layer is important is the regulation of temperature of the skin itself and the body. The size of this layer varies throughout the body and from person to person.
The skin is a complicated structure with many functions. If any of the structures in the skin are not working properly, a rash or abnormal sensation is the result. The whole specialty of dermatology is devoted to understanding the skin, what can go wrong, and what to do if something does go wrong.
The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat and connective tissue that houses larger blood vessels and nerves. This layer is important is the regulation of temperature of the skin itself and the body. The size of this layer varies throughout the body and from person to person.
The skin is a complicated structure with many functions. If any of the structures in the skin are not working properly, a rash or abnormal sensation is the result. The whole specialty of dermatology is devoted to understanding the skin, what can go wrong, and what to do if something does go wrong.
Skin disease:
It is an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning.
acantholysis - a breakdown of a cell layer in the epidermis (as in pemphigus)
acanthosis - an abnormal but benign thickening of the prickle-cell layer of the skin (as in psoriasis)
acanthosis nigricans, keratosis nigricans - a skin disease characterized by dark wartlike patches in the body folds; can be benign or malignant
acne - an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
dermatosis - disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin (in which there is usually no inflammation)eczema - generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages
erythroderma - any skin disorder involving abnormal redness
furunculosis - acute skin disease characterized by the presence of many furuncles
impetigo - a very contagious infection of the skin; common in children; localized redness develops into small blisters that gradually crust and erode
jungle rot - skin disorder induced by a tropical climate
keratoderma, keratodermia - any skin disorder consisting of a growth that appears horny
keratonosis - any abnormal condition of the outer skin (epidermis)
keratosis - a skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
leukoderma - a congenital skin condition characterized by spots or bands of unpigmented skin
lichen - any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks
livedo - skin disorder characterized by patchy bluish discolorations on the skin
lupus - any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease
melanism, melanosis - a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of melanin (especially in the skin)
molluscum - any skin disease characterized by soft pulpy nodules
necrobiosis lipoidica, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum - skin disease marked by thin shiny patches (especially on the legs); often associated with diabetes mellitus
pemphigus - a skin disease characterized by large thin-walled blisters (bullae) arising from normal skin or mucous membrane
prurigo - chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by blister capped papules and intense itching
psoriasis - a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales; occurs especially on the scalp and ears and genitalia and the skin over bony prominences
rhagades - cracks or fissures in the skin (especially around the mouth or anus)
Saint Anthony's fire - any of several inflammatory or gangrenous skin conditions
seborrhea - a condition in which overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily
vitiligo - an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)
xanthoma - a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules; sometimes attributable to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism
xanthosis - an abnormal yellow discoloration of the skin.
It is an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning.
acantholysis - a breakdown of a cell layer in the epidermis (as in pemphigus)
acanthosis - an abnormal but benign thickening of the prickle-cell layer of the skin (as in psoriasis)
acanthosis nigricans, keratosis nigricans - a skin disease characterized by dark wartlike patches in the body folds; can be benign or malignant
acne - an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
dermatosis - disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin (in which there is usually no inflammation)eczema - generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages
erythroderma - any skin disorder involving abnormal redness
furunculosis - acute skin disease characterized by the presence of many furuncles
impetigo - a very contagious infection of the skin; common in children; localized redness develops into small blisters that gradually crust and erode
jungle rot - skin disorder induced by a tropical climate
keratoderma, keratodermia - any skin disorder consisting of a growth that appears horny
keratonosis - any abnormal condition of the outer skin (epidermis)
keratosis - a skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
leukoderma - a congenital skin condition characterized by spots or bands of unpigmented skin
lichen - any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks
livedo - skin disorder characterized by patchy bluish discolorations on the skin
lupus - any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease
melanism, melanosis - a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of melanin (especially in the skin)
molluscum - any skin disease characterized by soft pulpy nodules
necrobiosis lipoidica, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum - skin disease marked by thin shiny patches (especially on the legs); often associated with diabetes mellitus
pemphigus - a skin disease characterized by large thin-walled blisters (bullae) arising from normal skin or mucous membrane
prurigo - chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by blister capped papules and intense itching
psoriasis - a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales; occurs especially on the scalp and ears and genitalia and the skin over bony prominences
rhagades - cracks or fissures in the skin (especially around the mouth or anus)
Saint Anthony's fire - any of several inflammatory or gangrenous skin conditions
seborrhea - a condition in which overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily
vitiligo - an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)
xanthoma - a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules; sometimes attributable to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism
xanthosis - an abnormal yellow discoloration of the skin.